13处调查回答的是生态问题
本次工作是2026年海南省红树林资源监测与成效评估项目的一部分，覆盖全省13处主要红树林湿地，目标是掌握秋迁鸟类的群落结构、种群动态和栖息地质量，为红树林保护与修复提供依据。报道没有发布逐点鸟种数量，不能把“13处”理解为13个公开打卡点。
海南位于东亚—澳大利西亚迁飞通道，红树林、潮沟和滩涂共同提供觅食与停歇空间。游客记录宜保留湿地或市县级范围，把精确样线、潮沟入口和集群位置交由科研及管理机构使用。
三种鸟先按生境和动作分
白眉鸭多在较开阔的浅水面游动，雄鸟繁殖羽有明显白色眉纹，但秋季换羽和雌鸟更应结合头纹、体形与翼镜。翘嘴鹬常沿泥滩水线快步取食，长嘴略向上翘、腿偏黄橙；须浮鸥则多在水面上方轻盈飞行并俯取食物。
远距离、逆光或换羽期只凭颜色容易误判。先记水面、泥滩或空中层位，再记体形、嘴形、腿色、飞行方式和叫声；证据不足时保留为雁鸭类、鸻鹬类或浮鸥类未定。
红树林边界比照片更重要
只在公开栈道、堤岸和观鸟屋停留，不翻越围栏、不下滩、不进入潮沟，不因退潮追随水线。鸟群整体抬头、停止取食、游离或起飞，都说明距离已经过近，应立即后退。
不使用无人机、闪光灯、鸟鸣回放或投喂；照片删除定位，敏感记录延迟公开。遇到保护区封闭、科研标识、巡护劝离或潮水快速上涨，立即结束观察。
The 13-site survey answers ecological questions
The work forms part of Hainan's 2026 mangrove monitoring and effectiveness assessment. It covers 13 major wetlands to measure autumn-migrant community structure, population change and habitat quality for conservation and restoration. The report does not publish a site-by-site species total, so the number 13 is not a list of public pins.
Hainan lies on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, where mangroves, tidal creeks and flats work together as feeding and resting habitat. Public records should stop at wetland or county scale, leaving exact transects, creek entrances and flock coordinates to researchers and managers.
Separate the three birds by habitat and action
Garganey usually swims on open shallow water. A breeding male has a strong white eyebrow, but autumn birds and females require head pattern, structure and wing detail. Terek Sandpiper walks quickly along muddy waterlines, with a long slightly upturned bill and yellow-orange legs. Whiskered Tern works above the water with buoyant flight and surface dips.
Colour alone is unreliable at range, in backlight or moult. Record whether the bird is on open water, mud or in the air, then add structure, bill, legs, flight and call. Keep weak evidence at duck, shorebird or marsh-tern group level.
Mangrove boundaries matter more than a photograph
Stay on public boardwalks, embankments and hides. Never cross a barrier, enter a flat or creek, or follow the retreating tide. A flock raising heads, stopping feeding, swimming away or flushing means you are too close and must retreat.
No drones, flash, playback or feeding. Strip coordinates and delay sensitive records. End the visit immediately for a closure, research marker, ranger instruction or rapidly rising tide.